PASSIVE VOICE

 PASSIVE VOICE

Assalamu'alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakaatuh.

Welcome back to my blog. 

In this blog I will submit an article about PASSIVE VOICE. And at the end of this blog, I will provide a dialogue video about PASSIVE VOICE that I practice with my friend named Lutfi Kharisma.

Passive Voice is a sentence whose subject is subject to an action or activity. sentences in which the subject does work or performs an action. In active voice, the first word is object, if in passive voice, the first word is subject.

• When do we use Passive Voice?

1. To emphasize that someone or an object experiences something.

2. When the culprit is unknown.

3. When the culprit is not important to know.

• How do I make a Passive Voice?

1. Put the object from the active voice into the subject in the passive voice.

2. Change the verb from active voice to Be + Verb 3 in passive voice.

3. Put the subject from the active voice to the agent alias the actor after the word "by.

* When changing the position of the subject and object, we also have to pay attention to the               pronoun or pronoun that is exchanged.

• Structure

Tense	Rumus Passive Voice
Simple Present	am/is/are + pp
Present Continuous	am/is/are being + pp
Simple Past	was/were + pp
Past Continuous	was/were being + pp
Present Perfect	has/have been + pp
Past Perfect	had been + pp
Simple Future	will be + pp
Future Continuous	am/is/are going to be + pp
Future Perfect	will have been + pp

1. Simple Present Tense
Aktif : S + do/does + V1
Pasif : S + to be (am, are, is) + V3 + by + O
Contoh:
Aktif : Students speak English
Pasif : English is spoken by students

2.Present Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + to be (am, are, is) + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + to be (am, are, is) + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students is speaking English
Pasif : English is being spoken by students

3. Present Perfect Tense
Aktif : S + have/has + V3 + O
Pasif : S + have/has + been + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students have spoken English
Pasif : English has been spoken by students

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + have/has + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + have/has + been + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students have been speaking English
Pasif : English has been being spoken by students

5. Simple Past Tense
Aktif : S + V2 + O
Pasif : S + to be (was, were) + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students spoke English
Pasif : English was spoken by students

6. Past Continuous Tense

Aktif : S + to be (was, were) + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + to be (was, were) + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students were speaking English
Pasif : English was being spoken by students

7. Past Perfect Tense
Aktif : S + had not + V3 + O
Pasif : S + had + been + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students had spoken English
Pasif : English had been spoken by students

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + had + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + had + been + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh:
Aktif : Students had been speaking English
Pasif : English had been being spoken by students

9. Simple Future Tense
Aktif : S + will not + V1 + O
Pasif : S + will be + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students will speak English
Pasif : English will be spoken by students

10. Future Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + will + be + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + will + be + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students will be speaking English
Pasif : English will be being spoken by students

11. Future Perfect Tense
Aktif : S + will + have + V3 + O
Pasif : S + will + have + been + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students will have spoken English
Pasif : English will have been spoken by students

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + will + have + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + will + have + been + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students will have been speaking English
Pasif : English will have been being spoken by students

13. Simple Future Past Tense
Aktif : S + would +  V1 + O
Pasif : S + would + be + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students would speak English
Pasif : English would be spoken by students

14.   Future Past Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + would + be + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + would + be + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students would be speaking English
Pasif : English would be being spoken by students

15.   Future Past Perfect Tense
Aktif : S + would + have + V3 + O
Pasif : S + would + have + been + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students would have spoken English
Pasif : English would have been spoken by students

16.   Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + would + have + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + would + have + been +being + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students would have been speaking English
Pasif : English would have been being spoken by students

Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice pada Beberapa Tense

1	I am paid in dollars. (Saya dibayar dalam dollar.) simple present tense
2	My shoes are washed every month. (Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.) simple present tense
3	The book was edited by Beatrice Sparks. (Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.) simple past tense
4	The store will be closed. (Toko itu akan ditutup.) simple future tense
5	The room is being cleaned now. (Ruangan itu sedang dibersihkan sekarang.) present continuous tense

A song that has a passive voice in it

• It's been written in the scars on our hearts
• You're still written in the scars on my heart

That's the article about PASSIVE VOICE. Enough until this blog this time see you in the next blog.

WRITING LETTER

 Assalamu'alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakaatuh.

Welcome back to my blog. 

In this blog I will submit an article about Writing Letter. And at the end of this blog, I will provide a dialogue video about writing letters that I practice with my friend named Lutfi Kharisma.

WRITING LETTER

Letters have two types, namely Formal Letter and Informal letter also known as personal letter.

A. FORMAL LETTER

• A letter writen in a formal language with certain rules to achive certain goals.
• Used for formal purposes such as a job application letter and inquiry letter.
• Types Of Formal Letter

            *An Inquiry Letter                                    * A Rejection Letter

            * An Order Letter                                     * An Apology Letter

            * A Sales Letter                                        * An Invitation Letter

            * A Complain Letter                                 * A Collection Letter

            * A Job Application Letter

• Language Features

            * No imperative and exclamation mark

            * Use appropriate connectors, such as furthermore and moreover.

            * Grammatically Correct

            * Politeness

            * Appropriate diction.

            * Clear, concise, precise

            * Avoid acronyms, such as A.S.A.P

• Structure 

            * Sender's Address

            * Date

            * Name / Designation of the addressee

            * Adress of the Addressee

            * Salutation

            * Subject

            * Body

            * Complimenteray Close

            * Signature/Name of the Sender

            * Name/Designation of the Sender

B. INFORMAL LETTER ( Personal Letter )

• A form letter sent by a person for another person in an informal context
• Usage of personal letter

            * To Share information

            * To express gratitude

            * To give advice

            * To deliver good and bad news

            * To ask for help

            * To apologize

• Social Function/main purpose in general

            Personal letters are letters that are written to people we know such as friends, parents, siblings, and cousins. Letters are not only written to inform but o strengthen the bond between two people writing to each other. To estabilish or maintain a good relationship with someone else.

• Generic Structure

          * Receiver address

          * Salutatin/Opening remarks

          * Opening pasraraph

               Optional :

          * Signature ( before sender's name/initial )

          * Postscript/P.S (after sender's name/initial )

• Sentence Structure

           * Accuracy of grammar is important

           * Complete sentences are expected

           * Slang can be used

           * Use the contractions such as "I'll", "I'm", "We'll'

           * Use personal pronouns such as "I", "We", "You"

           * Use active voice

• Style :

        * Language use may be personal like first and second person pronouns.

        * Be warm.

        * Use the person's name you are writing to.

        * Vary sentence length.

        * Write in a natural, conversational style. 

        * Let your personality shine through in your writing.

• Structure

• Some usefull expressions for letter writing
  
  
  
  

• Example 

• A dialogue video about writing letters that I practiced with my friend Lutfi Kharisma.

That's the article about Writing Letter. Enough until this blog this time see you in the next blog.

EXPOSITION TEXT

Assalamu'alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakaatuh.

Welcome back to my blog. 

In this blog, I will discuss about text exposition material and at the end of this blog I will give a video about text exposition.

 EKSPOSITION TEXT

Exposition Text is divided into two, namely hortatory exposition and analytical exposition.

A. Hortatory exposition

• Definition

          Hortatory exposition is a type of exposition text that begins with a statement containing the problem / issue which is used as the theme of the writing, then supported by various arguments / statements and supporting evidence that can lead the reader to the author's point of view and closes with suggestions or recommendations from the author. what should have been done or happened in relation to the problem or issue presented at the outset.

• Purpose

            To persuade the reader to do or not to do something.

• Structure

Thesis

A section that introduces the reader to the main topic of a text and shows the author's point of view.

Argument

The part where the writer provides arguments or opinions that support the main idea.

Reiteration

A section containing recommendations or suggestions from the author to the reader to do or not do something.

• Language Features

-Using the Simple Present Tense

-Using Connective Words

    *Adding Information

    *Contrasting Information

      Such as: But, Nonetheless, Even though, However

    *Demonstrate a Cause and Effect Relationship

      Such as: Therefore, Thus, So, Because

-Using the Adverb of Sequence

    *First / Firstly / First of all

    *Second / Secondly Second of all

    *Then

    *Next

    *Finally / lastly

-Using capital

*Should, Must, Have to

• Example of hortatory exposition text

Television Should be for Social Construction

Television is today a part of daily life. It is not only a source of entertainment but also news and information. television is also a valuable tool for science, education and industry

What makes television even more interesting is that action is accompanied by sound, so that we can see as well as hear what on the television. Today we can stay at home and enjoy entertainment that once could be seen only in cinema, theaters and sport arenas. Television enables to meet important people. It can bring important guests and important scene to receivers who are located anywhere.

Television has a great influence on our idea about what is right and what is wrong. It influences the way which we should behave. Television has close related to our life in general. Some times the value and life style we get from television are in conflict with those that we get at home and school.

Critics point out that crime and TV show often appeal to taste for violence, while many games and quizzes appeal to greedy. it is important to suggest that television should be used for socially constructive purpose for the shake of better life.

B. Analytical Exposition

• Definition

            Analytical exposition is a type of exposition text that begins with a statement that shows the attitude, opinion, statement or position of the author on the theme being discussed which is then supported by various arguments and closes with an affirmation or restatement of the opinion stated at the beginning.

• Purpose

            To persuade the reader that the issue is an important matter.

• Structure

Thesis

A section that introduces the reader to the main topic of a text. Indicates the author's perspective.

Arguments

The part where the writer provides arguments or opinions that support the main idea.

Reiteration ( Conclusion )

A section containing reaffirmation of the author's position and opinion on the main topic.

• Language Features

-Using the Simple Present Tense

-Using Connective Words

    *Adding Information

      Such as: And, Moreover, In addition, Also

    *Contrast information

      Such as: But, On the other hand, even though, however

    *Shows cause and effect relationships

      Such as: Therefore, Thus, As aresult, Because

-Using the Adverb of Sequence

    *First / Firstly / First of all

    *Second / Secondly Second of all

    *Then

    *Next

    *Finally / lastly

• Example Of Analytical Exposition Text

The importance of Sleep

Sleep plays a vital role in good health and well-being throughout your life. Getting enough quality sleep at the right times can help protect your mental health, physical health, quality of life, and safety. Why Is Sleep Important?

Sleep helps your brain work properly. While you’re sleeping, your brain is preparing for the next day. It’s forming new pathways to help you learn and remember information.

Studies show that a good night’s sleep improves learning. Whether you’re learning math, how to play the piano, how to perfect your golf swing, or how to drive a car, sleep helps enhance your learning and problem-solving skills. Sleep also helps you pay attention, make decisions, and be creative.

Physical Health often relate to quality sleep. It plays an important role in your physical health. For example, sleep is involved in healing and repair of your heart and blood vessels. Ongoing sleep deficiency is linked to an increased risk of heart disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and stroke.

Besides that, sleep also helps maintain a healthy balance of the hormones that make you feel hungry (ghrelin) or full (leptin). When you don’t get enough sleep, your level of ghrelin goes up and your level of leptin goes down. This makes you feel hungrier than when you’re well-rested

• Video about exposition text material

That's the article about Exposition Text. Enough until this blog, I hope the readers can understand the article exposition text on my blog. This time see you in the next blog.

                

INVITATION CARD & DIALOGUE

Assalamu'alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakaatuh.

Welcome back to my blog. 

In this blog I will submit an article about Giving Suggestions and Offering to do Something. And in this blog I will also give examples of conversations about Opinion and Thought with my friend Lutfi Kharisma.

INVITATION CARD & DIALOGUE

Types Of Invitations

A. Formal Invitation

A formal invitation is an invitation which follows a dignified form, tone or style in agreement with the established norms, customs or values (Websters,2012).

For example:

• An invitation to the opening of a school - An invitation to a graduation ceremony
• An invitation to a wedding, etc.

Common Format of a Formal Invitation

• The first line is the name(s) of the person(s) who invite(s). - The second line is the request for participation.
• The third line is the names of the person(s) invited.
• The fourth line is the occasion for invitation.
• The fifth line is the time and date of the occasion
• The sixth line is the place of the occasion. 
• The last line is the request for reply.

Social Function:

Inviting people to formal and social events

Linguistic Characteristics:

• Simple, precise, and concise words 
• Detailed information
• The tone should be friendly and sincere. Words should be chosen carefully. The style of writing should be formal.

Format of Layout:

Addresses of the addresser and the addressee

Salutation

Body

- Stäte for whom the invitation is and by who it is given. 

- Reasons of invitation

- Date

- Time

- Place

- R.S.V.P (it is a French word -"repondez s'il vous plait" which means"please reply")

Signature

The format of the envelope for the invitation is addressed the same way as the envelope of a letter (i.e. with the recipient's address in the middle of the envelope and addressee's address on the left hand corner of the envelope).

Ways of Organizing Information:

Reasons for inviting others Detailed information about the party or event Ask friends to come by using a sincere tone

Responding to formal invitations

Formal invitations should be responded to within 3 days. 

Replies are written in third person. 

Replies have to be handwritten. 

Reason should be briefly stated for declining the invitation.

Example:

1. Acceptance

- Mr. and Mrs. Eri Utomo accept with pleasure the kind invitation of Mr. and Mrs. Pujiyanto to the wedding ceremony of their daughter on Friday, the twelfth of December at seven o'clock.

- Mr. and Mrs. Wibowo accept the invitation with pleasure.

2. Declining/Regretting

- Mr. and Mrs. Situmorang regret that they are unable to accept the kind invitation of Mr. and Mrs. Pujiyanto for Friday, the twelfth of December at seven o'clock due to prior engagement. 

- Mr. And Mrs. Wibowo regret to decline the invitation due to health reasons

3. Responding card

The responding card comes with the invitation card. This card should preferably be handwritten.

Example :

to: Mr. and Mrs. Michael Cole

WEDDING INVITATION

We begin a road to a future filled with love and adventure.

Please join us as we,

Alexandra Liam and Jacob Amstrong

Join our lives in marriage

on: Wednesday, the 7th of August two thousand and nineteen

at: half-past seven in the morning, The Classic Ballroom of Continental Hotel, Legian, Denpasar.

Please RSVP to Gina at 0812-5678-9101 by the 1st of August two thousand and nineteen.

Example of formal invitation dialog

A : Hello, good morning.

B : Hello.

A : How are you?

B : I'm fine, thank you.

A : By the way, I want to invite you to my birthday party tomorrow at 5 pm. do you want to                come, please?

B : Owh, okay. I will come to your bithday party.

A : Thank you, I will wait for you to come. do not be late. bye

B : Bye

Example of Formal Invitation card

Example of a formal invitation conversation

B. Informal Invitation

• Informal Invitations is personal invitation given to a friend, family, etc.

• For Example : Invitation to a birthday party, Invitation to dinner

Example :

Birthday Invitation

For all my friends in XI IPA 2 class

Dunia Senior High School

Dear all my friends,

Hi friends, I am very happy now. My birthday will come soon. I want to invite you all to attend my birthday party which will be held at:

Date: Sunday, March 14th, 2014

Place: My home

Time: at 15.00-17.00 pm

I really hope your presence at my home. It will be so happy to celebrate my birthday with all my friends. Thank you.

Sincerely,

Arana Marina

Example of informal invitation dialogue

Nick: Hi, Roy! I've got a couple of tickets for the new Mel Gibson's film. Would you like to come?

Roy: Oh, thanks. But I'm working on my homework. I have to finish it tonight.

Nick: Oh, what a pity. Well, never mind. Some other time perhaps, bye.

Roy: Sure, bye.

Example of Informal Invitation card

Example of a Informal invitation conversation

That's the article about Invitation Card & Dialogue. Enough until this blog this time see you in the next blog.